Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - Confronting Repression, Achieving Progression :: Jane Eyre Essays

Jane Eyre:  Confronting Repression, Achieving Progression Jane Eyre recounts to the tale of a lady advancing on the way of acknowledgment. All through her excursion, Jane experiences numerous snags to her insight. Male strength ends up being the greatest deterrent at each stop of Jane's excursion: Gateshead Hall, Lowood Institution, Thornfield Manor, Moor House, and Ferndean Manor. As she develops, however, Jane gradually figures out how to comprehend and control suppression. Jane's excursion starts at Gateshead Hall. Mrs. Reed, Jane's auntie and gatekeeper, fills in as the one-sided judge of the competitions that continually happen among Jane and John Reed. John develops as the prevailing male figure at Gateshead. He demands that Jane surrender to him and serve him consistently, undermining her with mental and physical maltreatment. Mrs. Reed excuses John's direct and considers him to be the person in question. Jane's defiance to Mrs. Reed speaks to an acknowledgment that she doesn't merit the out of line treatment. Jane won't be treated as a subordinate lastly stands in opposition to her oppressors. Her responses to Mrs. Reed's detest seem crude and uncensored, and hint conceivable future reactions to limitations. This resistance additionally starts the following period of her excursion. Lowood Institution speaks to the subsequent stage in Jane's movement. Her deterrent here shows up as Mr. Brocklehurst, the administrator of the good foundation. He showed up at Gateshead Hall so as to look at Jane and confirm her detestable characteristics (as indicated by Mrs. Reed). At Lowood, Mr. Brocklehurst embodies the ideal wolf in sheep's clothing. He continually lectured for the disavowal of extravagance and guilty pleasure (p.95), however his qualities strife with these thoughts. His significant other and little girls exemplify the implications of extravagance and guilty pleasure in that they were amazingly attired in velvet, silk, and hides (p.97). He expands his bad faith in citing book of scriptures sections to help his preachings, however these preachings and entries don't make a difference to his own life. He says, I have an ace to serve whose realm isn't of this world: my central goal is to embarrass in these young ladies the desires of the tissue, to instruct them t o dress themselves with shamefacedness and temperance, not with plaited hair and expensive attire. . . (p.96). In spite of the fact that she should figure out how to manage Brocklehurst's finished strength, Jane changes a great deal during her years at Lowood, due predominantly to the lessons of Helen Burns and Miss. Sanctuary. Through their guidance, Jane figures out how to control her resentment regarding Mr.

Fat and Happy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fat and Happy - Essay Example The exposition starts by misrepresenting regular mixed up ideas of how and why being fat is an individual, social, and clinical risk, at that point gives proof and guides to each to show why society built up the observation that the body characterizes and reflects who an individual is. Realities uncover and scatter the hidden perspective, demonstrating hefty individuals can be excellent, generous, rich, solid, and sound, much the same as you and me. The impact of these points of view can represent a more genuine wellbeing hazard than bloatedness itself, abuse and counting calories should surely add to the shortening of many hefty individuals' lives. (Worley, standard. 8) The additional pressure and exertion brought about by stressing over your body's set point, implies that some would be more joyful and more advantageous not focusing energies on weight change. (Curtis, ed., A1) Ignorance, mistaken information, and individual inclinations being the underlying foundations of these mix- ups, the exposition upgrades our insight into largeness by sharing contacting, individual encounters. Notwithstanding revising the peruser, she gives elective arrangements that cost less and are agreeable and pleasant: to know and comprehend the body, to know why some are inclined to being fat, and how to increase a more profound gratefulness and acknowledgment of our bodies and who we truly are. The exposition is not kidding however engaging, happy yet tenable, loaded with proof recognizable to the two sides in the issue: chubby individuals who feel hopeless and the not-fat who cause the wretchedness. The article is composed to incite a response from any peruser with individual issues on the theme. She utilizes a huge assortment of contentious strategies, filling the exposition with analogies, suspicions, allegories, and likenesses, utilizing authority and shared belief, engaging feelings (sentiment) and ethos (the creator after everything is fat), just as invigorating the creative mind with clear portrayals of the occupants of the planet where fat is acceptable and lovely, as they associate in bathing suits and show their gifts like hip twirling. Actually, I don't have issues against chubby individuals, despite the fact that I have companions who do. I additionally have fat companions whom I have seen to be enduring the hopeless results of rejection. I have, no doubt, been on the giving finish of this absence of acknowledgment, if just accidentally. Since I am seven months pregnant, I believe I am forced to bear these inclinations, and can add my very own encounters to Worleys list. The option in contrast to tolerating business as usual is to help other people see that being fat is as acceptable and wonderful as some other body type, that chubby individuals can be solid and solid, and that being fat is neither an indication of shortcoming nor a malady. Understanding that these mixed up thoughts are the impact of flawed thinking, I can maintain a strategic distance from similar slip-ups later on and help other people keep away from them. These presumptive contentions show up, from the start, to be intelligent, yet are definite ly not. The article shows that partner fat with terrible is only a bias, so individuals who feel that way are blameworthy of fallacy. A result of indiscreet reasoning, the possibility of heftiness likening adversely is as off base as partner thin with awful.

Marketing Lessons Learned by Analyzing Tai Lopez

Marketing Lessons Learned by Analyzing Tai Lopez When starting a new business or even when you apply for a job in some marketing agency, it is very important that you show your knowledge of, at least, basic marketing concepts that are widely used across the entire world.To really be a successful entrepreneur, you will have to master a lot of skills, not just marketing, but way, way more.But, if you want to sell your product, service or content, you have to be able to communicate with people, to know what they desire in order for you to attract customers to accept your offer.That might sound easier than it is.We can never really know what the person actually desires. We can only make educated assumptions that will prove to be either right or wrong.What we could do is increase our chances of making the right assumptions, by educating ourselves more about the topic in questions and being able to understand how other people feel, put ourselves in their shoes, so we could get a sense of what would our needs be if we were in the same pos ition.That said, you can see why marketing is so important, especially nowadays, in the era of fast-paced businesses where social media and digital marketing, in general, is crucial for the success of any firm.If you are not present online, then you don’t even stand a chance against your competitors.And believe me, there are a lot of them since the competition is global and widespread in almost every field of business.WHO IS TAI LOPEZ?If you are new to digital marketing in general, you may have not heard of Tai Lopez, so let us introduce you to who this man is and why he is so good example of a successful person.We will briefly describe his life, offering his short biography and see how he managed to become as famous as he is now.So, stick with us if you want to find out more!Childhood and Early LifeTai Lopez was born on April 11th, 1977 in Long Beach, California. He was raised by his mother and grandmother, while his father was in jail during his childhood.He showed the great pot ential of being a successful person ever since he was a small boy.At the age of 6, he started selling cherry tomatoes, but seeing how that business wasn’t profitable enough, he decided to make a change and he opened a lemonade stand.That helped him earn much more money for his family because, as you can imagine, it probably wasn’t easy for his grandma and mom to raise a family on their own.Since he lived in an area full of gang activity, it was hard for him to find decent friends, so he usually read books instead.He wanted a better life for himself and his family, so he started to read Aristotle, especially the teachings about how to be happy and have a fulfilled life.His grandfather was a scientist, and you all know how kids feel about scientists, they think they are all-knowing people who have the answers to all the questions.So, what Tai did was ask his grandpa how to have a good life.His grandfather answered him that this modern world is too advanced for him, so he couldn’ t answer him truthfully.He just told him that the world is too big for one person to know everything and that if he wanted to find the answer to his questions, he would have to find people who would lead him to the answer, and people would have to meet during his life.After he gave him that answer, his grandpa left him a box full of books on different topics with a note to read all of that for starters.Tai Lopez tried to go to the college but decide to quit, because he wanted to find the real meaning of Aristotle’s “Good Life”.He has been reading a lot of books and eventually decided to meet the authors of those books, so he managed to save some money by doing smaller jobs.He traveled all across the world, visited 51 countries and managed to meet some of the people he wanted to meet.When he returned to the USA, he decided to live with the Amish and work on their farms for around two years.Business LifeAfter doing some work for the Amish, he decided to quit that job and he move d with his mother because he was broke and didn’t have enough money to rent his own place at the time.He decided not to lean on his mother, but instead, he tried to think of the way to make more money since he only had $47 in his pocket.He didn’t want to live like that anymore and that’s why he decided to change his life.In yellow pages, he searched for the biggest advertisement and found a person who had knowledge about business.He offered to work for free for some time, in exchange for that man teaching him the fundamentals of finance and the ways of conducting business. That was the start of his career.Later on, he worked at GE Capital and managed to become a certified financial planner and investor, with more than twenty multi-million dollars companies on his tail.Apart from that, he also runs “The 67 Steps Program” in order to help young people, who struggle with their own personal business decisions and for those who would want to get a better understanding of “Goo d Life”.Considering all that has been said so far, let us now present the most important marketing lessons Tai Lopez could teach us. MOST IMPORTANT MARKETING LESSONS BY TAI LOPEZ1. Have a Unique Story for Your BrandThe first thing you need to have when thinking about the product you want to make or the service you want to offer to other people is, of course, an interesting story behind that certain product.Almost every successful worldwide brand has a personal story of how it comes to be so popular and wanted.For example, we have IKEA, the furniture retail company that has been made out of the idea that everyone should be able to afford decent quality furniture.That type of story sends the right kind of message to the common folk, telling them how they matter too and that build trust between customers and the company, which is very important in every type of business, because, as we all know, the customer is always right.But, not everyone is lucky enough to have such an interestin g life or even a story about their brand, as Ingvar Kamprad had.That doesn’t mean you should make up your own completely not true stories as well since that is not how honesty in business works.What you could do, instead, is mix some true stories and add some additional flavor, so they become juicier and more interesting to the viewers.Because as wise people say: “Every good story deserves embellishment”.That way, you would have a story about your product or brand that is, at the same time, both true and interesting to the public, which could potentially bring more customers to you, thus, raising your sales and amount of money you have.When your story is noted and memorable, people will recognize your products and even when you launch a new product, they will be more eager to try it out, because of your past reputation and the excitement you offered them with that interesting story about how your brand came to be.2. Be YourselfOne of the best selling points is to be yourself, show the customers who you really are, what are your hobbies, habits, and interests.This is more important when it comes to digital and social media marketing, to people who are using blogs and other internet services to advertise their products and services.But, that doesn’t mean it is not important for everyone else.On the contrary, when people see you for who you really are, you want to present yourself at your best to them, but also show some of the not so happy things, so they could relate themselves to you.When people see that you are just a human being, just like them, they will feel more open to suggestions and willing to try to understand you from time to time, so they would be much eager to accept certain changes in your product line or certain changes on a specific product etc.That’s why it is important to establish healthy customer-relation, so you could have a much easier time introducing new innovations and products.There will always be more traditional people who would want things to remain the same all the time.Yes, by introducing new products, you will probably gain more new customers, but your goal shouldn’t just be to get new customers, but also to keep old ones around, since they are the bulk of your customer population and without them, you would have to basically work from the scratch to get to know new customers and their wishes, which is not an easy task.If you think of yourself to be a good person, then you shouldn’t have any doubts about how you should act in front of your customers.Just let them see you for who you really are and they will recognize the best and the worst in you and eventually relate themselves to you, thus, allowing you to create very stable customer-relations.3. Offer Unique ContentOne really important thing when it comes to growing your business is innovation.If you constantly search for new things that could help you offer a very distinct product or service, you should have fewer issues with maintaining y our business.But what about those of you who don’t have their businesses yet and who cannot decide what to focus on when it comes to starting it?Well, you will not have an easy time to decide that, but let me give you some tips, so you could decide a bit easier.In order for your product or service to be looked upon and even wanted, you need to make it unique, to make it stand out of the crowd because there are a lot of different products out there, so it is getting harder and harder to make unique content, which you could easily sell and enter the market.That’s why you need to conduct a thorough market analysis before you jump into making your own business.Try to find a niche where there aren’t that many different products and try to make unique products on that market.If you find that too hard and almost not possible, you could find a new way to present your content instead of making the entirely new content.Even new type of packaging could sometimes do the trick and pique th e interest of enough people, so don’t hesitate to experiment with that, because it is rather important to start good, in order for a business to flow healthy in the future.4. Don’t Be Afraid to Take Calculated RisksOne thing that every entrepreneur has to learn is how to manage risk related to business.There are 7 billion people on this Earth and a lot of both large and small companies. And everyone, starting from individual people to big companies will face some type of risk.So, we could say that our lives are definitely not riskless.That fact doesn’t need to mean that we should hide in our homes and do nothing for the entirety of our lives.On the contrary, that means we need to learn to manage that risk and cope with it, in order to fulfill our lives with what we want to do.With that said, do not be afraid to take calculated risks.Sometimes potential benefits could overcome our sense of fear and then we would be awarded for taking that risk and not backing down from the figh t.This is particularly important in social media marketing, because it is a large market and there are a lot of competitors around there, so you need to be able to experiment with a lot of new stuff no one else has tried, so you could stand out of the crowd and make yourself visible to other people.That’s why you shouldn’t hesitate to try out some ideas you might have because some of them could turn out to be very fruitful and useful for the advancement of your entire business.Successful entrepreneurs and marketers know this and they are not afraid to be that kind of people, so neither should you if you want to succeed in that line of business.5. Test and Optimize Your ContentAs we have previously mentioned, people who risk tend to get the best rewards if they manage to evade the failure of their investment.But, in some cases, the final product might not give the best possible results, so it could require some tweaking some features so it would become better.So, do not be afraid to do that, to experiment with your products and marketing strategies as well.What you should do is constantly looking for new ways to improve your business, as well as your products in general.When you implement certain changes, make sure to test how they react with already implemented things.If new changes turn out to be a success, then you will find yourself in a very good position, especially if no one else has thought of the same and changed their products as well.But as time progress, other people will probably try to copy your method and know-how, so what once was an innovation, now it will just be a common strategy or feature.That is why you constantly need to look for new ways to improve your business, not stopping even when you find something because as time goes by, things change and you need to be up to date, in order to stay on track with your competitors.6. Branding Your Best QualitiesThis one is probably very important at the very beginnings.Before you choose what fi eld you want to specialize in, you have to do thorough research of, not just the market itself, but the research of yourself and your own abilities.If you don’t want your start-up to fail, you should do this very carefully and try to enter the business by using your own strengths.So, try to avoid starting businesses where you can clearly show your weaknesses because it will probably not go so well.This problem could be resolved by having a competent team that includes people with the skill set which is the complete opposite of yours.That means having people whose strengths are your weaknesses and the other way around.That way you can all complete each other and have a strong position in the company.However, that is not possible all the time, since most entrepreneurs start alone or with a couple of their friends, so it is not common for people to have either enough money to build that kind of team or enough trust in people to do the same.That’s why the only logical way is to star t your own business by measuring your own strengths and weaknesses and deciding which field would suit you the most.Some people are good at one set of things, other people are good at different things, and you just need to find your own way.Beside, when your work is related to something you are good at and you like it, then it is much easier to do that work every day, without making any complaints and without being more psychologically tired of your job than in cases where you have a really bad job, which you don’t like at all. 7. Make Sure to Read Every DayTai Lopez likes to use one very funny sentence, which is that he is reading one book per day and that every person who strives to be a successful entrepreneur should do the same.So, why do you think that is true?Well, people are not born with knowledge.We have to learn everything, from simple muscle movements to words and eventually sentences.Then the school comes, high school, college and eventually university.But, does our se arch for knowledge ends there?Of course not, people should learn throughout their entire lives. Every day we learn something new.And one of the most important learning channels is books.By constantly reading books, we get new information, we learn something new.That is not something which should be taken lightly.Even if you don’t go to college, you could learn a lot by reading on the side, when you have free time.That’s how Tai Lopez became so successful.He read a lot and worked a lot to apply all the knowledge he had previously learned from both books and by working in the financial sector.You can learn basically anything from books nowadays.And a lot of those books are accessible on the internet both for free and for a cheaper price than in bookstores, in case you are the person who doesn’t have too much money to spend on books and would rather want to focus on starting your own business.FINAL WORDWe have come to the end of our presentation and it is now time to present some conclusion that we have discovered, or rather, that Tai Lopez has discovered.The point of his speeches and training is not just that people see how to make money, but they should also see if they are the right people to make money this way.He says that the point of his presentations is that people see what kind of person they are because he claims that not everyone deserves to be an entrepreneur.What he means shouldn’t be taken as an insult, but rather as a compliment.People who are hard-working and who tend to work on themselves and their businesses are the people who deserve to be rich.Lazy and people who slack are those who don’t have enough ambition and thus, they do not deserve to be successful entrepreneurs.

Essay about The Importance of Philosophy - 582 Words

The Importance of Philosophy â€Å"All things in life are philosophical.† This is a well-known quote by the renowned Greek scientist/philosopher Aristotle. When one is to imagine life without thought, free will or knowledge, they are left to only imagine the oblivion they would be left to reside in. To me, philosophy is more than ethics, esthetics, and epistemology... it is the ability to stand ones ground with certain viewpoints, attitudes and beliefs. Philosophy seemed to be the center of the majority of peoples lives Before the Common Era, yet today it also upholds just as much, if not more, importance to the normal person than of the ‘scientist’ or renowned ‘theorist.’ Philosophy makes people who they are, their own†¦show more content†¦Her statement is a prime example of philosophy. The content of her testimonial consisted of many supported ideas and thoughts. Yet, at the same time, the statement she made was rousing to anyone that was perhaps overhearing or l istening to the conversation. It upheld all the characteristics for a good philosophical conversation. They include various aspects of diversity, thought, support and liberalism. Without philosophy the world would be incomplete. It is common knowledge that there is gray in every argument, even the most miniscule, it is never black or white. Philosophy is what the gray area consists of, different beliefs and ideas that cannot fit in either of the two groups. That is what makes philosophy significant; there are no limits to it. There are no boundaries to what the human mind can think and there are no unattainable dreams that one’s mind cannot conceive. Therefore stating that there are no tangible boundaries for philosophy, neither are there elusive limitations. Philosophy can be viewed in so many different ways, with so many different aspects looked at and critiqued. The simple statement, â€Å"eventually the sun will burn out and the Earth will cease to exist† can produce a rousing philosophical conversation. When having a philosophical discussion the people ‘philosophers’ involved must take a look at allShow MoreRelatedPhilos ophy And Its Importance Of Philosophy861 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy and Its Importance Doing philosophy as many philosophers demonstrate over time and in the present is to simply question the understanding of what is known and not known or accepted and unaccepted. This is to say, that philosophers must question all aspects of life and all the surrounding dimensions of the world. In doing so, the philosopher is trying to grasp a firmer or different understanding of the truth that is either presently or not presently known; whether comforting or not comfortingRead MoreImportance And Importance Of Philosophy1179 Words   |  5 PagesSarah Smith Philosophy 102 Dan Synnesvedt 18 September 2017 What is Philosophy? Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline(Webster.) The value theory or value system is the system that is used in order to determine how one determines the importance of things, ideas and people. Philosophy can be a hard term or subject to fully grasp, while in actuality the word directly translated from Greek is loveRead MoreThe Importance of Philosophy Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Philosophy ‘Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves.’ (Bertrand Russell, Problem of Philosophy, pp. 93-94). 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To begin with, he encouraged people of all ages, whether young or old, to study philosophy in order to develop better understanding of what desires to fulfill. By philosophy, Epicurus meant a state of mind, based on a realistic worldview that, if its implications were understood, would free people’s minds from superstitious fear and moral anxietyRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Moderation in Greek Philosophy1842 Words   |  8 Pagesis a classic example of the consequences of gaining too much knowledge. Remnants of this tale can be seen throughout the western world an in some of the greatest literature. The Greeks are known for their contributions to government, culture and philosophy. Their influence can still be seen today. The Greeks produced ideas that laid the groundwork for modern civilizations and they pushed the boundaries of knowledge in sever al areas. However, some of the most celebrated Greek thinkers questioned theRead MoreThe Importance of Disctinction Between Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Disctinction Between Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy To try and decipher the distinction between knowledge and belief we must first understand what the meaning of Philosophy is. In its simplest definition it translates to â€Å"the love of wisdom† taken from the Greek word â€Å"philo† which means love and â€Å"sophia† meaning wisdom. Philosophers love to know the truth about the general principles of the world and they pursue the truth in these. Through the ages

The Medieval Era - 1778 Words

Tyler Sun December 14, 2014 Prof. Sparks HUMN 220 Chartres Cathedral The Medieval Era was one with explosive cultural and architectural growth across almost all of Europe. One of the places that experienced this the most was in France. With all of the radical changes happening in France, there was a huge emphasis on religion and as a result the Chartres Cathedral was created. The town of Chartres officially became a bishopric in the 4th century, and as with any bishopric the cathedral was the most awesome and large building in the city. Everything was built around this massive cathedral; the local shops, fairs, and other commodities of city life. Not only was this building a testament to the creative ability of the architects, it was a location for holy pilgrimage. According to tradition, Chartres Cathedral has housed the tunic of the Virgin Mary since 876. The relic was said to have been given to the cathedral by Charlemagne, who received it as a gift during a trip to Jerusalem. Because of this relic, Chartres has been a very important pilgrimage cen ter and the faithful still come from all over the world over to honor it. The present cathedral is one of several French Gothic masterpieces built because fire had destroyed its predecessors. The town itself was already a destination for holy pilgrimages, however on a significantly smaller scale pre-production. Before the Chartres Cathedral was built and the tunic of the Virgin Mary was placed there, it was believed that thereShow MoreRelatedMedieval Vs. Medieval Era1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Medieval, or Middle, Ages in Europe have often been called the Dark Ages, since they seem to have been lacking in many ways. 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The dietRead MoreThe Age Of Europe During The Medieval Era1717 Words   |  7 PagesBetween the years 500 A.D. and 1400 A.D., a time referred to as the Middle Ages occurred in Europe. This era began as the Roman Empire collapsed, following the disorder that occurred because of the destruction of the Romans. During this dark time, there was much disorder. Eventually, this time period led to the rise of feudalism, the immense power of the Roman Catholic Church, and many advancements in architecture, literacy, and art. The variety of events that occurred in this period allowed historiansRead MoreEssay Islamic Science in the Medieval Era2580 Words   |  11 PagesThere are many terms used to describe the period after the fall of Rome and before the Renaissance, three main terms being the Middle, Medieval, and Dark Ages. In general, these terms are used interchangeably, but are these fair s ubstitutions? In recent years the term â€Å"Dark Ages† is becoming less and less acceptable as a phrase which describes the span of years it is meant to refer to. The use of the term â€Å"dark† implies a period of stagnation, which is becoming a questionable concept. In particular

The NYS prescribed learning standards Free Essays

The NYS prescribed learning standards is an important resource for teachers as it identifies what topics and skills students should be able to learn and master in a specific grade. However, generating ideas for activities and lessons on a specific topic is a difficult task. A teacher has to find inspiration from his/her students and everyday life in order to make the learning experience more meaningful. We will write a custom essay sample on The NYS prescribed learning standards or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a teacher, the resources available for lesson planning and designing of activities are numerous; it could be from textbooks, from teacher resources in the internet or even from one’s colleagues. Active learning and inquiry as a teaching strategy can also be the same ways of thinking that would help teachers generate ideas on how to incorporate active learning and inquiry into one’s lessons. It is difficult to generate these types of activities because we have not been used to thinking about learning and the teaching process in this way (Johnson Johnson, 1999). Moreover, we know that these methods are more effective but since we have not been trained in it, it is very difficult for us to actually make the activity. We have to rely on preprogrammed or pre-designed activities and customize it to our own classroom experience. These approaches are not used very often in schools because teachers themselves are not that knowledgeable about the process, teachers need to be pushed and required to use it before any changes could ever happen. Active learning is evident in the video when the teacher instructed the students to discover what they can about the assigned task, there was no predetermined way of finding the correct answer, but the students where to use their imagination and previous learning to be able to describe and explain the subject matter of the study. How to cite The NYS prescribed learning standards, Essays

Human Resources For Global Markets †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resources For Global Markets. Answer: Sourcing Human Resources for global Markets- Staffing, Recruitment and Selection One of the most important tasks of the Human Resource Management (HRM) of any company is the staffing, that is, recruitment and selection. Employees are the key elements of any organization. It is very crucial to have qualified and specialized workers to run the organization successfully. Hence, the HRM is responsible for the staffing in a company and maintaining its quality (Small et al. 2017). The staffing attitude of the international organizations generally follows four different approaches. Those are: Ethnocentric: where Parent Country Nationals (PCN) are favoured to hold the key positions and make strategic decisions. Polycentric: Host Country Nationals (HCN) are responsible to manage the subsidiaries but not often transferred to headquarter positions. Geocentric: It is the most global staffing approach, where ability is favoured over nationality of the employees. For international HRM, geocentric approach is most suitable as the nationality of qualified candidates does not create any barrier for recruitment and selection. Regiocentric: It is the region based approach where ability is preferred but in a given area or region. The qualified employees can move within a designated region (Ployhart and Weekley 2014). Various factors influence the staffing, recruitment and selection process, such as the company structure, international experiences, organizational culture, corporate governance and ethics, extent of international business, contextual factors, such as, type of industry, cultural differences in different regions or countries, other local units, such as, whether the business is a greenfield project, joint ventures, merger or acquisition, or subsidiaries etc. (Ekwoaba, Ikeije and Ufoma 2015). The structure of HRM also plays a major role in the staffing process. Whether the HRM is structured or ad hoc, whether it arranges training and development programs, compensation and incentive structure of the company, and mostly a proper and fair selection process of the HRM influences the employment decision and management of the employees. International assignments are of four types, such as, short term consisting of 3 months; extended, which is up to 1 year, long term that varies from 1 to 5 years, and consists of traditional expatriate projects and lastly, non-standard or emerging projects. These non standard projects include rotational projects, commuters or frequent fliers projects, contractual, and virtual projects. The primary objectives of such international projects are: filling the positional gaps, such as, skill gaps, launching of the new projects and transfer of technologies; managing the development process of the employees through the arrangement of trainings and developmental programs for the employees and helping to build up a corporate values; and developing the organization with control, transferring of knowledge, competencies, practices and procedures (Bjrkman and Welch 2015). In international HRM, the role of expatriates is very important. In the international businesses, an expatriate is the person, who stays in another country to work in that foreign organization. Hence, he is the agent, working for direct control, socialization, building a network or relationships, and for transferring of knowledge. The HRM must be careful while recruiting and selecting an expatriate as that involves various legal and political matters and work permit issues, which, if violated could bring about many legal and ethical issues about business operations. The recruitment of non expatriates and inpatriates are also a crucial task of the HRM. This determines the quality of workforce and quality of production of the organization (Ployhart and Weekley 2014). When the international businesses expand in many countries, the HRM selects some people as inpatriates and expatriates. At the same time, when an international company recruits, it chooses to do more internal recruits than external, as the recruitment of citizens of home or host country reduces risk and secures the capital investments on human resources. It helps in creating global competencies and cultural diversity with strategic performances, and provides career opportunities if the home countries as well as in host countries. The international businesses sometimes send expatriates to emerging locations and that throws up challenges in the form of cultural and quality of life adjustments (Brewster and Hegewisch 2017). The selection decision of the expatriates depends on several factors, such as, technical capability, family requirements, cross-cultural suitability, language proficiency, country and cultural requirements, and finally the MNE requirements. The effectiveness of international projects is also dependent on several elements. It requires an open environment, supportive practices for the new ideas and combinations, flexibility of the expatriates to move freely between different locations of home and host countries, and his knowledge and skills in contributing to the organizations success (Kang and Shen 2013). Hence, the role of HRM in the staffing, recruiting and selecting employees for an international organization is very crucial as it determines the organizational culture of any company and maintaining a good employee relationship that culminates into the production of the company. References Bjrkman, I. and Welch, D., 2015. Framing the field of international human resource management research.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(2), pp.136-150. Brewster, C. and Hegewisch, A. eds., 2017.Policy and Practice in European Human Resource Management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield Survey. Taylor Francis. Ekwoaba, J.O., Ikeije, U.U. and Ufoma, N., 2015. The impact of recruitment and selection criteria on organizational performance.Global Journal of Human Resource Management,3(2), pp.22-23. Kang, H. and Shen, J., 2013. International recruitment and selection practices of South Korean multinationals in China.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(17), pp.3325-3342. Ployhart, R.E. and Weekley, J.A., 2014. Recruitment and selection in global organizations.The Routledge companion to international human resource management, pp.155-171. Small, E.E., Doll, J.L., Bergman, S.M. and Heggestad, E.D., 2017. Brown Smith Communication Solutions: A Staffing System Simulation.Management Teaching Review, p.2379298117716673.

Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy Essay Example

Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy Paper Monetary Policy vs Fiscal Policy Economic Environment refers to all those economic factors, which have a bearing on the functioning of a business. Business depends on the economic environment for all the needed inputs. It also depends on the economic environment to sell the finished goods. Naturally, the dependence of business on the economic environment is total and is not surprising because, as it is rightly said, business is one unit of the total economy. Economic environment influences the business to a great extent. It refers to all those economic factors which affect the functioning of a business unit. Dependence of business on economic environment is total -? I. E. For input and also to sell the finished goods. Trained economists supplying the Macro economic forecast and research are found in major companies in manufacturing, commerce and finance which prove the importance of economic environment in business. The following factors constitute economic environment of business: (a) Economic system (b) Economic planning (c) Industry (d) Agriculture (e) Infrastructure (f) Financial fiscal sectors (g) Removal of regional imbalances h) Price distribution controls (I) Economic reforms (j) Human resource and (k) Per capita income and national income The state became the encourager of savings and also an important investor and the owner of capital. Since the state was to be the primary agent of economic change, it followed that private sector activities had to be strictly regulated and controlled to conform to the objectives of state policy. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The growth strategy also meant, in the early years of planning, a relative neglect Of public investments in agriculture. This negligence Of agriculture sector was purported by the general view that the increase labor in the developing countries could only be absorbed in the industry, and that during the early stages of industrialization, it was necessary for agriculture to contribute in the establishment of modern industry by offering inexpensive work force. A faster development of industry was the central objective of planning. The above is a thumbnail sketch of the growth strategy followed by the planners in the past four decades. Fiscal policy may be defined as a logic under which the government uses its expenditure and revenue programmed to produce desirable effect avoid undesirable effect on national income, production and unemployment. It emphasizes the effect of government expenditure and revenue upon total economy and argues that they should be used deliberately and consciously as a balancing factor to secure economic stabilization. Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation s economy. It is the sister strategy to monetary policy through which central bank influences a nations money supply. These two policies are used in various combinations to direct a countrys economic goals. Gerhard Cool defines fiscal policy as the conduct of government expenditure, revenues and debt management in such a way as to take fully into account the effect of these operations in the allocation of resources and the flow of funds and thereby their influence on the level of income prices employment and production. In the modern government organization the amounts of public expenditures, revenues and public debt are so huge, that they have gun to assume a major importance in the national economy. The desired fiscal policy can be pursued by budgetary measures like taxation, expenditure, public debt etc. ROLE OF FISCAL POLICY He role of fiscal policy in regulating the economy and protecting it from the ills of the market mechanism were recognized very slowly. Earlier, governments were wedded to the traditional ideals of sound budgetary policy of avoiding deficits. Such a policy, amongst other things, was causing to problems. One was as Keynes pointed the fact that an attempt to balance the budget would put it to an unbalance and vice-versa. The second was that through the process of balanced budget multiplier, the budget was adding to the severity of cyclical fluctuations. It was with great difficulty that the appropriateness and usefulness of the fiscal policy in combating the ills of the economy were recognized, especially during the great Depression of 1 sass. It was conceded that the government had a primary responsibility of helping the economy towards stabilization. As mentioned earlier, the role of fiscal policy in promoting economic stability was recognized slowly, and not sufficiently till the Great Depression of 1 sass. Actually, as Keynes pointed out ,the orthodox sound budgetary policy of avoiding deficits itself contributed towards greater instability and made the task of keeping the budget balanced, all the more difficult. This in fact, generated a perverse policy on the part of the authorities, pushing the expenditure and demand in the economy down during a period of depression and pushing them up during a boom. The development of the concepts of multiplier, and accelerator and the relationship between the macro-variables like investment, Income consumption and savings enabled the economics to visualize more clearly the shines of trade cycles and the role which fiscal policy could play. This gave rise to the principle of compensatory finance and functional finance. It was realized that through fiscal policy , the government could to a great extent, neutralize the destabilize movements in the economy. The general theoretical farm work was that a depression is caused by a deficiency of effective demand. Fiscal policy should remedy it by increasing public expenditure and by encouraging private expenditure; similarly during a boom period the need is to control the demand which again can be partly done wrought curtailing public expenditure and party through curbing the private expenditure. HOW FISCAL POLICY WORKS? Fiscal policy is based on the theories of British economist John Maynard Keynes. Also known as Keynesian economics, this theory basically states that governments can influence macroeconomic productivity levels by increasing or decreasing tax levels and public spending. This influence, in turn, curbs inflation (generally considered to be healthy when between 2-3%), increases employment and maintains a healthy value of money. Fiscal policy is very important to the economy. For example, in 201 2 many worried that the fiscal cliff, a simultaneous increase in tax rates and cuts in government spending set to occur in January 2013, would send the U S. Economy back to recession. The US. Congress avoided this problem by passing the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 on Jan. 1, 2013. BALANCING ACT The idea, however, is to find a balance between changing tax rates and public spending. For example, stimulating a stagnant economy by increasing spending or lowering taxes runs the risk of causing inflation to rise. This is because an increase in the amount of money in the economy, followed by an increase in consumer demand, can result in a decrease in the value of money meaning that it would take more money to buy something that has not changed in value. Tees say that an economy has slowed down. Unemployment levels are up, consumer spending is down and businesses are not making substantial profits. A government thus decides to fuel the economys engine by decreasing taxation, which gives consumers more spending money, while increasing government spending in the form of buying services from the market (such as building roads or schools). By paying for such services, the overspent creates jobs and wages that are in turn pumped into the economy. Pumping money into the economy by decreasing taxation and increasing government spending is also known as pump priming. In the meantime, overall unemployment levels will fall. With more money in the economy and fewer taxes to pay, consumer demand for goods and services increases. This, in turn, rekindles businesses and turns the cycle around from stagnant to active. If, however, there are no reins on this process, the increase in economic productivity can cross over a very fine line and lead to too much money in the market. This excess in supply creases the value of money while pushing up prices (because of the increase in demand for consumer products). Hence, inflation exceeds the reasonable level. For this reason, fine tuning the economy through fiscal policy alone can be a difficult, if not improbable, means to reach economic goals. If not closely monitored, the line between a productive economy and one that is infected by inflation can be easily blurred. And When the Economy Needs to Be Curbed . When inflation is too strong, the economy may need a slowdown. In such a situation, a government can use fiscal policy to increase taxes to suck money UT of the economy. Fiscal policy could also dictate a decrease in government spending and thereby decrease the money in circulation. Of course, the possible negative effects of such a policy in the long run could be a sluggish economy and high unemployment levels. Nonetheless, the process continues as the government uses its fiscal policy to fine-tune spending and taxation levels, with the goal of evening out the business cycles. WHO DOES FISCAL POLICY AFFECT? Unfortunately, the effects of any fiscal policy are not the same for everyone. Depending on the political orientations and goals of the policymakers, a tax UT could affect only the middle class, which is typically the largest economic group. In times of economic decline and rising taxation, it is this same group that may have to pay more taxes than the wealthier upper class. Similarly, when a government decides to adjust its spending, its policy may affect only a specific group of people. A decision to build a new bridge, for example, will give work and more income to hundreds of construction workers. A decision to spend money on building a new space shuttle, on the other hand, benefits only a small, specialized pool of experts, which would to do much to increase aggregate employment levels. WHAT IS MONETARY POLICY? Socio-economic objectives of the economy. Monetary policy influences the us apply of money the cost of money or the rate of interest and the availability of money. One of the most important functions of Reserve Bank, is to formulate and administer a monetary policy. Such a policy refers to the use of instruments of credit control by the Reserve Bank so as to regulate the amount of credit creation by the banks. It also aims at varying the cost and availability of credit with a view to influence the level of aggregate demand for odds and services in the economy. D. C. Rowan defined Monetary Policy discretionary act undertaken by the authorities designed to influence (a) the us apply of money (b) cost of money or rate of interest and (c) the availability of money. One of the twin aims of the economic policy is to accelerate the process of economic growth with a view to raise the national income. The Reserve bank, has made the allocation of funds to the various sectors according to the priorities laid down in the plans and requirements of day or day development The second objective is to control the prices and reduce the inflationary erasures in the economy. The monetary policy of the Reserve Bank during the planning period is appropriately termed as that of Controlled expansion. Every economy faces two conflicting interests: (a) Expansion of money supply to finance the process of economic development. (b) Control of money supply to check inflationary pressure generated in the economy as a result of vast development and non- development expenditure. Thus, controlled expansion of money supply was essential for growth with reasonable. To achieve the above mentioned objectives of the monetary policy, the Reserve Bank has adopted the allowing: (a) Measures for expansion of currency and credit (b) Measures for controlling of credit. POLITICAL IMPACT ON BUSINESS party. In this way political environment of a country has great impact on the business houses. The dominated role of public sector in our country is outcome of socialist pattern of society adopted by the Congress Party. In short, important economic policies such as industrial policy, foreign capital policy, fiscal policy and import policy are often political decisions which houses. A stable and dynamic political environment is indispensable for business growth. The political institutions I. E. Slaughter, Executive and Judiciary plays important role in economic policies as well as in development of country whereas the legislature is vested with most vital powers like policy making, budget making and executive control. The decisions of the legislature affect each and every activity of business houses. Legislatures have to check that profit earning is not only justified but also whether the activities of business houses are in a manner beneficial to the society. The other important political institution is the Executives of the actual law and policies enforcing agency. What the legislative made in their chamber actually come in force in the hands of executives. In the way the functions of executive also effects the economic development. Some times the legislature makes some policies but there is conflict between the executives and business houses about implementation. In case of such conflicts, the judiciary, the third important political institution resolves the conflicts. It is the power of the judiciary to settle legal disputes that effect business considerably. It is therefore necessary to discuss about the impact of political and legal environment on the economy. Depending upon the nature and stage of development of the economy, the behavior of the private sector, the political philosophy, social attitudes, administration system etc. It is a universal phenomenon that state controls economy. In the modern era, two most powerful institutions in the society are business and government which meet on common grounds or otherwise together they determine the public policy both foreign and domestic for a nation. But four corner development of a country is only possible if the government plays significant role in the economy of a country. Normally government plays for important roles in an economy and Government regulation of the economy may be broadly divided into two parts; direct and indirect control. The reservation of industries to small scale, public and cooperative sector, licensing system, import and export regulations, the subsidies for different sectors are some examples of regulatory measurements of the governments. For the development of economy, state/government will have to assume direct responsibility to build up and strengthen the necessary development of infrastructure I. E. Rainspout, rower, finance, marketing and institutions for training and guidance along with other promotional activities. A well planned economy may lead to a country on the path Of development. State especially plays important role in planning economy. How to use resources the achieve the goal within the time frame set etc. Are the basic needs for proper development of economy and proper planning is most important tool for the same. Sometimes to boost-up the economic development government plays the role of entrepreneur. It establishes the business enterprises and bear the risks.

PODCAST Using Self Branding to Grow Influence With Mark Schaefer

PODCAST Using Self Branding to Grow Influence With Mark Schaefer Do you have an idea that you haven’t told anyone about or a project that you want to work on but haven’t planned yet? Maybe you would like to become a leader in your niche but you haven’t done anything to make that a reality. Today we’re going to talk to the marketing genius Mark Schaefer. Mark is the author of several books, including The Content Code, KNOWN, and The Tao of Twitter. He also speaks at tons of marketing conferences and has podcast called Marketing Companion. Mark is going to give us tips on becoming known. He’s done it extremely well and has mentored others in doing the exact same thing. If you’re ready to overcome   your fear of failure to become known, you won’t want to miss today’s show. Information about Mark and his books, particularly his newest one, KNOWN. Mark’s story about leaving corporate work behind and becoming an entrepreneur. Mark’s thoughts on the power of personal branding and the importance of being known. How people can build their personal brand even when they are working for someone else. Mark’s framework for helping people find their places and their spaces. He talks about four steps you can take. How Mark’s book lays out a path for people to follow and begin to see instant results. Links: Mark Schaefer Marketing Companion Podcast Email us a screenshot of your iTunes review! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Mark: â€Å"Either you’re known or you’re not. If you’re known, you will always have an advantage.† â€Å"In the future, a corporate brand may be less about the accumulation of ad impressions and more about the accumulation of human impressions.† â€Å"Starting and being consistent and not giving up is more important than being brilliant.†

Christian (faith based) article for a newsletter Essay

Christian (faith based) article for a newsletter - Essay Example The centre has taken on social tasks that have impacted inner-city residents, many of whom have been affected in many ways by their crime ridden and socially backward neighborhoods. As Executive Director, my most important duty will be to join the dedicated team of volunteers, donors and staff in contributing to the restoration of the communities we serve and reaching affected persons. The work we do under the aegis of the Nehemiah Center is one defined and inspired by our collective Faith in God. I believe it is our social responsibility to emphasis the teachings of Christ through social programs that reach those who are in need of intervention. It is our duty to follow the examples of Jesus and show compassion to our neighbours. â€Å"Blessed are those that give†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jesus says and â€Å"Blessed are the Peacemakers, for they shall be called the [children] of God† Our roles should truly be those of peacemakers and givers. In our communities we must dedicate time, effort and resources to the most vulnerable; our children. Children will not flourish into model citizens within a society that is destroying their hopes of a bright future. It is these young people who will inherit the pains and sadly subsequently perpetuate them if the cycle of rot is not broken and we must not lose sight of these. We should continually ask for the peace of God to reign in our communities. Although the challenges look arduous, we should be encouraged that â€Å"†¦the peace of God which passes all understanding, will keep our hearts and minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Philippians 4:7). For it is only when we are at peace with Him, at peace with others, that we can truly be most effective instruments of change. The issues that we confront do not require myopic approaches that only propose band aid solutions. Instead a holistic approach that clearly identifies the short and long objectives must be adopted. These objectives

Do you consider that there still is an identifiable British working Essay

Do you consider that there still is an identifiable British working class fiction - Essay Example An identifiable British working class fiction is still identifiable but society has changed perceptively since the World War One which considerably altered definitions and perceptions of this status. Through the texts Lucky Jim (1954) by Kinsley Amis, The Girls of Slender Means (1963) by Muriel Spark, Money (1984) by Martin Amis and Regeneration (1991) by Pat Barker, I will illustrate the differences in perception and characteristics authors use to clarify definitions through their main protagonists, as well as show other examples of working class fiction. First, it is imperative to present a universally accepted definition of what a working class is and what makes it identifiable. The idea of class structure is comprised of a triangular shape2, the lower base of this model represents the working class these are people who carry out minor jobs (labourers, mine workers, farmers) and are not professionally academic. E.P. Thompson stated that the British working class was excluded from the privileges of education, "fundamental rights3" and a better lifestyle. Many of these human rights are distinguished clearly through the novels: several of these attainments that the individuals lacked can be seen as a "mass political movement" progressing to a positive view of working class. Lucky Jim (1954) began this movement after Kingsley Amis, part of the 'Angry Young Men4' group of writers, wrote this classic. In the 1950s, the chance of a university education had given more people, more working and middle class young people the opportunity to avail of higher education. But Jim is neither intellectual nor very ambitious to progress in his chosen field, yet he seeks acceptance by the 'establishment5' (higher class people). Although humorous, the book shows how he really wants that acceptance and the money, status and power that go with it. He knows, cynically, that a boy from a grammar school has little chance; his working class background stands in the way of his progress. Amis is witty, but a cynical realist, with satire and black comedy. His dialogue is excellent for bringing characters and places to life, as is his descriptive power.In the novel The Girls of Slender Means (1963) Spark seems to portray people trying to tolerate 'genteel poverty6' by making light of it all. But it is a vivid picture of civilian suffering as a result of World War Two. The May of Teck club seems to be a place where they try to maintain a facade, but it reflects that every class is suffering, with little material wealth or comfort. It highlights the status of women as workers in their own right and the changes in their status brought about by war.Furthermore Martin Amis's novel Money (1984) deals with the concept of British working class in a modern-day perspective. He employs the concept here that money is dirty, but the world is driven to acquire it because of the power and status it brings. The preface of the book (subtitled A Suicide Note) should be read first as a warning to all. Everything about money and business is linked to a loss of a working ethic. His uncle, who worked very hard, is an example of a working class person who no matter how he tried, failed. Self is admonishing us on how random the acquisition of wealth is, and how addictive and corrup tive it is. Amis uses postmodernist techniques as the author puts himself into the narrative at times. He wants to give shape to the

E-Commerce in Fashion

E-Commerce in Fashion Background E-commerce is in fashion so many companies of all sizes and types are reviewing their sales strategies.   Consideration is being given to either (or both) selling to other businesses electronically (B2B) or selling directly to individual customers over the Internet (B2C).   Many companies are failing to live up to expectations, with problems such as poor website design making ordering difficult, website failure (crashes) from overload or because they were incomplete, failure to confirm the order, subsequent out-of-stock, failure to deliver on time. The Project Brief You, as the project manager, are to plan a project for a Triangle software house to develop an online Hotel Management system for an international hotel chain.   The project is scheduled to start on6thof July 2010. The project should have the following options Guests: Room Reservations for guests Services: Adding other services use, restaurant use, bar use by guests Maintenance: To maintain records in the system Inquires: To know about availability of rooms, reservations, gust lists Four computers have to be supplied for the selected project and these computers needs to be networked. Required time schedule for the project is three months. From the Project Managers point of view, an e-commerce project is no different from any other project.   You need a framework to plan resources and budget; you must set the plan against an appropriate calendar; and you need to ensure that you include the managerial and quality-related tasks that will help the project manager succeed. You need to plan how the project should be initiated.   However, your initiation plan should be presented in sufficient detail for someone else to manage it.   You are not expected to have all the answers at this stage; part of the skill of project planning is to ensure that you put the tasks in place to find out what is unknown and to manage the obvious risks. Task 1 (a) As the Project Manager, you are expected to decide on the following: 1. The tasks required to carry out the project aim for at least 10-15 tasks.   Traditional File System (SDLC-System Development Life Cycle) Strategic Study Business study Feasibility study Requirement analysis Requirement Specification Logical system specification Logical Design Physical Design Coding Testing Implementation Maintenance Paste out Relate Traditional File System steps to Hotel management system Case Study. We use Traditional File System for Hotel management systemto develop their system. Strategic study: Project Manager goes to the Hotel study the current system; after he understood what the system that they need to develop is what they technology must use to develop the hotel. Business study:- Project Manager prepare a document project initiation document this will give the general   definition for the developing system   that document shown to the hotel managing director we get the approval to proceed the development the new system. Feasibility study: These step uses to traditional file system how to feasible for hotel computerizes Economical, Technical Operational, even the developing system is most modern if end users are working within difficulty that system isnt operational but this system is not difficulty use. Cost effective ways and ensuring that the investment can be recovered and realize the benefits with allocated budget. The technology needed is available and can be integrated with the other systems of the organization. Deciding how the new system going to fit the current operational system and whether its operationally acceptable. Checking whether the new project is violating law both local and international Requirement analysis: Firstly we interview Hotel managing Director asked question about the current system what they want to include their system to computerize ..,.   Investigating forms and documents which are very useful to determine system data flows and transactions Identifying the outputs by investigating below reports, Hourly report Daily report Monthly report Yearly report Then Checking latest updated procedure manuals and user manuals To study user activities and to concentrate on how it is being handle. Interviewing and supervisor level users to gather opinions about the efficiency about the system, determine the needs of the users that to be in the new system, more specific details about the system. Producing and arranging online Questionnaires for all operational users who are going to use the system. By this can gather information from all the people who are going to have direct contact with the system. Planning formal observation sessions at 3 main hotels, specially the reception area And closely observing the activities performed by the users. And observing customer inquiries reservation process etc Studying a subset documents or subset of the activity in the area in order to get an impression of the whole activity or document set .it is useful to verify findings from interviews or the above discussed techniques. Requirement Specification: How the new computer system should be working this is a kind of the document which clearly specifies the requirement of the users. Use :- Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)    Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Logical system specification:- This hotel computerize system   include several logical specification there are may be several technical option that could be adapted which are capable of delivering the requirement in this stage system analysis first design define what those technical options and then the help of manager select the most suitable option. Logical Design: This step we design a dialog design initial interface are design Update process that change on the line system data and Enquiry process concern the interaction of useful information from system data.(we should involve the hotel manager very strongly specially dialog design influence how to system looks and behave to its users) Physical Design: This step we design program design database design (ERD map into database components), this stage provides all the information required by the programmer. Coding: We use language is Visual Basic for coding.(First programmer code will be written in short pieces that outlines simple as well-defined program function.) Testing:- we tested correctness testing, performance testing ,reliability and recovery testing then security testing stress testing usability testing, unit and integration testing external function testing ,system testing, regression testing, acceptance testing, installation testing, completion testing, test documentation.(   discover and rectify errors below steps are planned to be done) Implementation:- This stage involve preparation of the target side and making the environment the network here the hotel new system to target environment will done and prepare in the user manual and training the hotel worker for the New system.| System will be installed shared in 4 computers which will be networked [LAN] (Configuration with I7 processors, 4 GB Ram..) With all required software. 2. Decide on appropriate task dependencies and state durations of them. Task Duration (1= 1 day)Reference Strategic study 1 A Business study 1   B Feasibility study 1 C Technical Feasibility2 Operational Feasibility1 Legal FeasibilityParallel with Op Feasibility(1) Economical Feasibility3 Requirement analysis D (Forms and documents)1 (Reports)1 (Procedureuser manuals)1 Interview-(Management level)3 Interview-(Supervisor level)3 (Questionnaires)1 (Observation)2 (Subset documentsactivity)1 Requirement specification 3 E Logical system specification 2F Logical design 10 G Physical design 20H Coding 5 I Testing J (Unit) 5 (Integrated) 1 (System)1 (User)2 DebuggingParallel with testing(8)K Implementation L (Installation)2 (User Training)2 (Parallel Running)7 MaintenanceContinues until phase out.M Total Duration81 -The explained tasks in task 1 are shortened and listed down above, under task name. -The Duration 1 is equals to 1 day. -Maintenance starts after implementing the project until phase out. -Total days for the project is 87-(81- planned days, and balances 6 days are to manage risks during the project period. (Table1.1) 3. Create an Activity Net work Diagram with respect to your identified tasks,AND must be given using a standard Tool such as MS Project or MS Visio Critical path- A   B C D E F G H I J   L MS Project Output (b)There are many elements in a typical project plan. One such element is the   Introduction which briefly describes the objectives of the project and the constraints, which affect project management. Prepare such introduction for this project using reasonable assumptions. List and explain with a sentence each other contents of a typical project plan. I am Nadeeshani and Im appointed as a project manager to develop this online hotel Management system for an international hotel chain by the triangle software house. The project is based on upgrading the existing system as an online system along with these main functions, Room reservations for guests The options to add other services like restaurant use, bar use, gym use, etc The system which has the ability to obtain inquires from the guests and the ability to give them an answer/feedback, for example for the customer queries like availability of rooms, reservations and guest list, etc. And to get all the above updates and inquiries from the parties and to maintain the records in the system We hope to start the project on 6Th of July 2010 and we were going to be finished in September 30th 2010 (3 month) period. On that project running period we are considering Saturdays Sundays as working days. We hope to finished this project 26Th of September 2010. The project has run 87 days but we are planning to be completed within 82 days rest 5 days we are planning to do collecting unanticipated problems complete the project report however we will make sure to complete this project in this 87 days period. This is the project plan how we are going to do the project. I hope the committee members will do their best to complete the project. The quality of the system will be maintained throughout the project by regular progress checking and progress monitoring. The project has been run through the 13 stages. Strategic study Business study Feasibility study Requirement analysis Requirement specification Logical system specification Logical design Physical design Coding, Testing Debugging Implementation Maintenance These stages are planned in a greater level of detail. (These plans are used to track progress on a week by week basis through regular progress monitoring.) These stages are also separated into sub tasks basically contains the lowest details. It will specify activities down to a daily level. This will be created in parallel with the above mentioned stage plans. And the monitoring and tracking will be on daily basis. As a project manager I hope we will be finished the project with less errors I believe you all are will be do your best. Clearly indicated whose responsible for what in the project, clearly shown what the project is to deliver, why and for whom and by making the project that can easily understand by everyone, mainly on time and within budget My motivation is to completely utilize my accumulated experience and knowledge to the fullest extent possible and making this projects a success. Task 2 (a) Explain what are your typical responsibilities as a Software Project   Manager in managing any type of software project and your typical tasks A software project manager has the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, execution and closure of a project. A successful Project Manager must simultaneously manage the four basic elements of a project: resources, time, money, and most importantly, scope. All these elements are interrelated. Each must be managed effectively. All must be managed together if the project, and the project manager, is to be a success. Resources People, equipment, material Time Task durations, dependencies, critical path Money Costs, contingencies, profit Scope Project size, goals, requirements This title is used in the construction industry, architecture, information technology and many different occupations that are based on production of a product or service. The project manager must possess a combination of skills including an ability to ask penetrating questions, detect unstated assumptions and resolve interpersonal conflicts as well as more systematic management skills. The role of the project manager encompasses many activities including :-Planning and Defining Scope, Activity Planning and Sequencing, Resource Planning, Developing Schedules, Time Estimating, Cost Estimating, Developing a Budget, Controlling Quality, Managing Risks and Issues, Creating Charts and Schedules, Risk Analysis, Benefits Realization, Scalability, Interoperability and Portability Analysis,Documentation,Team Leadership, Strategic Influencing, Customer Liaison. As a software project manager my typical tasks in managing a software project will be below. Manage the production of the required product. Direct and motivate the project team. Plan and monitor the project. Manage business and project risks. Responsible for change control. Report the true progress report and stage assessment to the steering committee. Prepare the end project report. Responsible for project administration. Responsibility Matrix In a large project, there may be many people who have some role in the creation and approval of project deliverables. Sometimes this is pretty straightforward, such as one person writing a document and one person approving it. In other cases, there may be many people who have a hand in the creation, and others that need to have varying levels of approval. The Responsibility Matrix is a technique used to define the general responsibilities for each role on a project. The matrix can then be used to communicate the roles to the appropriate people associated with the team. This helps set expectations, and ensures people know what is expected from them. On the matrix, the different people, or roles, appear as columns, with the specific deliverables in question listed as rows. Then, use the intersecting points to describe each persons responsibility for each deliverable. Ex: (Table 2.1) A Approves the deliverable R Reviews the deliverable (and provides feedback). C Creates the deliverable (could be C (1) for primary, C (2) for backup). Usually there is only one person who is responsible for creating a deliverable, although many people may provide input. I Provides input N Is notified when a deliverable is complete M Manages the deliverables (such as a librarian, or person responsible for the document repository) In the table above, the Requirements Management Plan is created by the project manager, approved by the sponsor and client managers, and reviewed by the project team and analysts. The purpose of the matrix is to gain clarity and agreement on who does what, so you can define the columns with as much detail as makes sense. For instance, in the above example, the Project Team could have been broken into specific people or the person responsible for creating the Data Model could have been broken out into a separate column. After the matrix is completed, it should be circulated for approval. If it is done in the Project Charter process, it can be an addendum to the Project Charter. If it is created as a part of the initial Analysis Phase, it should be circulated as a separate document. Examples of responsibility codes are as follows. Our project may define different codes, as long as you explain what they mean so that people know what the expectations are for them. References http://www.lifecyclestep.com/open/407.0LifecycleRoles.htm (b) Briefly explain how you are going to manage the risk in the above project. Risk management is the process of analyzing exposure to risk and determining how to best handle such exposure. The project is planned to be a continuous process throughout the project until completion and considered in two main parts, the risk analysis part and the risk management part. I have planned to run risk management as below, At the start of the project, as a part of the decision of whether to undertake the project And at every end stage assessments Risk management includes the following activities Planning how risk management will be held in the particular project. Plan should include risk management tasks, responsibilities, activities and budget. Assigning risk officer a team member other than a project manager who is responsible for foreseeing potential project problems. Typical characteristic of risk officer is a healthy skepticism. Maintaining live project risk database. Each risk should have the following attributes: opening date, title, short description, probability and importance. Optionally risk can have assigned person responsible for its resolution and date till then risk still can be resolved. Creating anonymous risk reporting channel. Each team member should have possibility to report risk that he foresees in the project. Preparing mitigation plans for risks that are chosen to be mitigated. The purpose of the mitigation plan is to describe how this particular risk will be handled what, when, by who and how will be done to avoid it or minimize consequences if it becomes a liability. Summarizing planned and faced risks, effectiveness of mitigation activities and effort spend for the risk management. As an analyzing tool to assist in the risk management process, Decision tree is used to analyze the risks, Because the explanation for the result is easily described by simple graph in a simply understandable way which can be combined with other decision techniques as well. Important details can be generated based on its alternatives, probabilities, costs and their preferences for outcomes. First after analyzing the possible risks by identifying, Estimating the effectiveness by comparing the likelihood with the impact of a risk and finally evaluating by confirming that they are in correct sequence and the cross checking with the risk reduction options assessing the acceptable level of each other. We select the most suitable risk management approach for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its goals will be prepared by discussing with members. The risk management consist four main activities and below tasks will be completed at the end of each part. Planning-: Most appropriate selection will be selected for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its desirability and objectives will be developed. Sometimes this activity may proceed in parallel with risk evaluation.  §Resourcing-: This will identify and assign the necessary resources to do the work and will confirm that the revised plan is feasible and cost effective.  §Controlling-: This will make sure that the execution of the plan is having the desired effect on the risk. This will ensure the management of the risk process will apply effectively and it will modify the plan where it necessary.  §Monitoring-: This will check the stages of the risk and also check that the counted measures are happening effectively. During monitoring, if it feels that the risk management plan is ineffective, then we can go back to the risk analysis part. When managing the risks these below features will be considered mainly, Factors that need to continue correctly, threats, systemic risks for the successful delivery project and benefits, risks to the business, risks for the customers and suppliers, risks of unexpected outputs and success of the international hotel chain. This is how I have planned to manage the risk, which can happen during a process and which will effect with a negative result to the process in the project. Task 3 Configuration Management is an essential part of a project. In a large project Configuration librarian plays a major role. Configuration management (CM) is the detailed recording and updating of information that describes an enterprises hardware and software. Such information typically includes the versions and updates that have been applied to installed software packages and the locations and network addresses of hardware devices. Special configuration management software is available. When a system needs hardware or software upgrade, a computer technician can accesses the configuration management program and database to see what is currently installed. The technician can then make a more informed decision about the upgrade needed. An advantage of a configuration management application is that the entire collection of systems can be reviewed to make sure any changes made to one system do not adversely affect any of the other systems Configuration management is also used in software development, where it is called Unified Configuration Management (UCM). Using UCM, developers can keep track of the source code, documentation, problems, changes requested, and changes made. (a) Briefly out line some configuration items in the project given in the scenario. Manage the configuration: Hotel Management systemPlan what is required and how it will be achieved Guests: Room Reservations for guests Services: Adding other services use, restaurant use, bar use by guests Maintenance: To maintain records in the system Inquires: To know about availability of rooms, reservations, gust lists Four computers have to be supplied for the selected project and these computers needs to be networked. Required time schedule for the project is three months. (Use a Configuration Management Plan (Project Quality Plan) Identify components of the final product Use Defining and Analyzing Products (PL2) to create a Configuration Item Record Use unique identifiers for each product and each version: Project Product Type Product Name Product Version. Control changes to baseline products by using change authority Submit products to the Configuration Librarian to put under configuration control Release (issue) products and/or copiesS Product Status Account to record and report product information Report the status of products from the Configuration Librarian Verify product integrity Perform product configuration audits by the Configuration Librarian Perform project audits by Project Assurance. In the above hotel management system developing project at each stage end as an output as below final deliverables will be reported. 1st stage -Strategic study -information technology strategy will be produced. 2nd stage Business study -project initiation document. 3th stage Feasibility study- Feasibility report. 4th stage -Requirement analysis- the gathered exact requirements of the users to develop  Ã‚  Ã‚   the system will be produced as Requirement analysis report 5th stage -Requirement specifications-the requirements will be produced in a diagrammatic way and a wordy report. 6th stage Logical system specification -the mapped business and technical aspects of the system will be produced. 7th stage Logical design- interface design will be produced. 8th stage -Physical design -the database design and program design using miniature specifications like pseudo codes, flowcharts, structure diagrams, etc will be produced. 9th stage -Coding- the written program which is written with a programming language will be produced. 10th stage -Testing -testing report. 11th stage -Debugging-debugging report. 12th stage -Implementation- the released version of the system in the target environment. 13th stage -Maintenance-reports regarding the changes carried out throughout the system after the implementation. (b) Give a statement of the configuration librarians responsibilities. Configuration Librarian is the guardian of all the master copies of the projects products.   Ã‚   The role will be also to look after change control on behalf of the project manager. Purpose   : Custodian and guardian of all master copies of the projects products Receives, baselines and releases (issues) products Updates the product status and informs the Project Manager Maintains the Issue Log. The major tasks of the configuration librarian are summarized as follows:- To control the receipt, identification, storage and issues of all project products To provide information on the status of all products To number, record, store and distribute change control documents The specific responsibilities of the configuration librarian are as follows:- Assist the project manager to prepare the configuration management plan Create libraries at other storage areas to hold products Assist in the identification of products Create configuration item description records Hold the master copies of all project products Maintain the change control records Assist in conducting configuration audits Liaise with other configuration librarians where products required by the project are common to other systems (c) Briefly outline what are the things that we must consider in change control of Project Management. In this hotel management system development, will develop several documents that include all the importance issues regarding to   the development but sometime these document may need to be changed due to various reasons, when doing this changers it has to be done by stranded procedures its called ChangeControl . The change control document is the formal way into this projects any enquiry of a complaint or request, it can be raised by anyone associated with hotel project about anything such as:- A new function occurrence A frailer of a product In meeting some aspect of the user requirement Because of a possible misunderstand A problem with the planning A frailer of communication The change control mainly it has recharge control document such as:- Question document (when a question occurs about a change) It will be submitted to the configuration library and the configuration librar E-Commerce in Fashion E-Commerce in Fashion Background E-commerce is in fashion so many companies of all sizes and types are reviewing their sales strategies.   Consideration is being given to either (or both) selling to other businesses electronically (B2B) or selling directly to individual customers over the Internet (B2C).   Many companies are failing to live up to expectations, with problems such as poor website design making ordering difficult, website failure (crashes) from overload or because they were incomplete, failure to confirm the order, subsequent out-of-stock, failure to deliver on time. The Project Brief You, as the project manager, are to plan a project for a Triangle software house to develop an online Hotel Management system for an international hotel chain.   The project is scheduled to start on6thof July 2010. The project should have the following options Guests: Room Reservations for guests Services: Adding other services use, restaurant use, bar use by guests Maintenance: To maintain records in the system Inquires: To know about availability of rooms, reservations, gust lists Four computers have to be supplied for the selected project and these computers needs to be networked. Required time schedule for the project is three months. From the Project Managers point of view, an e-commerce project is no different from any other project.   You need a framework to plan resources and budget; you must set the plan against an appropriate calendar; and you need to ensure that you include the managerial and quality-related tasks that will help the project manager succeed. You need to plan how the project should be initiated.   However, your initiation plan should be presented in sufficient detail for someone else to manage it.   You are not expected to have all the answers at this stage; part of the skill of project planning is to ensure that you put the tasks in place to find out what is unknown and to manage the obvious risks. Task 1 (a) As the Project Manager, you are expected to decide on the following: 1. The tasks required to carry out the project aim for at least 10-15 tasks.   Traditional File System (SDLC-System Development Life Cycle) Strategic Study Business study Feasibility study Requirement analysis Requirement Specification Logical system specification Logical Design Physical Design Coding Testing Implementation Maintenance Paste out Relate Traditional File System steps to Hotel management system Case Study. We use Traditional File System for Hotel management systemto develop their system. Strategic study: Project Manager goes to the Hotel study the current system; after he understood what the system that they need to develop is what they technology must use to develop the hotel. Business study:- Project Manager prepare a document project initiation document this will give the general   definition for the developing system   that document shown to the hotel managing director we get the approval to proceed the development the new system. Feasibility study: These step uses to traditional file system how to feasible for hotel computerizes Economical, Technical Operational, even the developing system is most modern if end users are working within difficulty that system isnt operational but this system is not difficulty use. Cost effective ways and ensuring that the investment can be recovered and realize the benefits with allocated budget. The technology needed is available and can be integrated with the other systems of the organization. Deciding how the new system going to fit the current operational system and whether its operationally acceptable. Checking whether the new project is violating law both local and international Requirement analysis: Firstly we interview Hotel managing Director asked question about the current system what they want to include their system to computerize ..,.   Investigating forms and documents which are very useful to determine system data flows and transactions Identifying the outputs by investigating below reports, Hourly report Daily report Monthly report Yearly report Then Checking latest updated procedure manuals and user manuals To study user activities and to concentrate on how it is being handle. Interviewing and supervisor level users to gather opinions about the efficiency about the system, determine the needs of the users that to be in the new system, more specific details about the system. Producing and arranging online Questionnaires for all operational users who are going to use the system. By this can gather information from all the people who are going to have direct contact with the system. Planning formal observation sessions at 3 main hotels, specially the reception area And closely observing the activities performed by the users. And observing customer inquiries reservation process etc Studying a subset documents or subset of the activity in the area in order to get an impression of the whole activity or document set .it is useful to verify findings from interviews or the above discussed techniques. Requirement Specification: How the new computer system should be working this is a kind of the document which clearly specifies the requirement of the users. Use :- Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)    Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Logical system specification:- This hotel computerize system   include several logical specification there are may be several technical option that could be adapted which are capable of delivering the requirement in this stage system analysis first design define what those technical options and then the help of manager select the most suitable option. Logical Design: This step we design a dialog design initial interface are design Update process that change on the line system data and Enquiry process concern the interaction of useful information from system data.(we should involve the hotel manager very strongly specially dialog design influence how to system looks and behave to its users) Physical Design: This step we design program design database design (ERD map into database components), this stage provides all the information required by the programmer. Coding: We use language is Visual Basic for coding.(First programmer code will be written in short pieces that outlines simple as well-defined program function.) Testing:- we tested correctness testing, performance testing ,reliability and recovery testing then security testing stress testing usability testing, unit and integration testing external function testing ,system testing, regression testing, acceptance testing, installation testing, completion testing, test documentation.(   discover and rectify errors below steps are planned to be done) Implementation:- This stage involve preparation of the target side and making the environment the network here the hotel new system to target environment will done and prepare in the user manual and training the hotel worker for the New system.| System will be installed shared in 4 computers which will be networked [LAN] (Configuration with I7 processors, 4 GB Ram..) With all required software. 2. Decide on appropriate task dependencies and state durations of them. Task Duration (1= 1 day)Reference Strategic study 1 A Business study 1   B Feasibility study 1 C Technical Feasibility2 Operational Feasibility1 Legal FeasibilityParallel with Op Feasibility(1) Economical Feasibility3 Requirement analysis D (Forms and documents)1 (Reports)1 (Procedureuser manuals)1 Interview-(Management level)3 Interview-(Supervisor level)3 (Questionnaires)1 (Observation)2 (Subset documentsactivity)1 Requirement specification 3 E Logical system specification 2F Logical design 10 G Physical design 20H Coding 5 I Testing J (Unit) 5 (Integrated) 1 (System)1 (User)2 DebuggingParallel with testing(8)K Implementation L (Installation)2 (User Training)2 (Parallel Running)7 MaintenanceContinues until phase out.M Total Duration81 -The explained tasks in task 1 are shortened and listed down above, under task name. -The Duration 1 is equals to 1 day. -Maintenance starts after implementing the project until phase out. -Total days for the project is 87-(81- planned days, and balances 6 days are to manage risks during the project period. (Table1.1) 3. Create an Activity Net work Diagram with respect to your identified tasks,AND must be given using a standard Tool such as MS Project or MS Visio Critical path- A   B C D E F G H I J   L MS Project Output (b)There are many elements in a typical project plan. One such element is the   Introduction which briefly describes the objectives of the project and the constraints, which affect project management. Prepare such introduction for this project using reasonable assumptions. List and explain with a sentence each other contents of a typical project plan. I am Nadeeshani and Im appointed as a project manager to develop this online hotel Management system for an international hotel chain by the triangle software house. The project is based on upgrading the existing system as an online system along with these main functions, Room reservations for guests The options to add other services like restaurant use, bar use, gym use, etc The system which has the ability to obtain inquires from the guests and the ability to give them an answer/feedback, for example for the customer queries like availability of rooms, reservations and guest list, etc. And to get all the above updates and inquiries from the parties and to maintain the records in the system We hope to start the project on 6Th of July 2010 and we were going to be finished in September 30th 2010 (3 month) period. On that project running period we are considering Saturdays Sundays as working days. We hope to finished this project 26Th of September 2010. The project has run 87 days but we are planning to be completed within 82 days rest 5 days we are planning to do collecting unanticipated problems complete the project report however we will make sure to complete this project in this 87 days period. This is the project plan how we are going to do the project. I hope the committee members will do their best to complete the project. The quality of the system will be maintained throughout the project by regular progress checking and progress monitoring. The project has been run through the 13 stages. Strategic study Business study Feasibility study Requirement analysis Requirement specification Logical system specification Logical design Physical design Coding, Testing Debugging Implementation Maintenance These stages are planned in a greater level of detail. (These plans are used to track progress on a week by week basis through regular progress monitoring.) These stages are also separated into sub tasks basically contains the lowest details. It will specify activities down to a daily level. This will be created in parallel with the above mentioned stage plans. And the monitoring and tracking will be on daily basis. As a project manager I hope we will be finished the project with less errors I believe you all are will be do your best. Clearly indicated whose responsible for what in the project, clearly shown what the project is to deliver, why and for whom and by making the project that can easily understand by everyone, mainly on time and within budget My motivation is to completely utilize my accumulated experience and knowledge to the fullest extent possible and making this projects a success. Task 2 (a) Explain what are your typical responsibilities as a Software Project   Manager in managing any type of software project and your typical tasks A software project manager has the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, execution and closure of a project. A successful Project Manager must simultaneously manage the four basic elements of a project: resources, time, money, and most importantly, scope. All these elements are interrelated. Each must be managed effectively. All must be managed together if the project, and the project manager, is to be a success. Resources People, equipment, material Time Task durations, dependencies, critical path Money Costs, contingencies, profit Scope Project size, goals, requirements This title is used in the construction industry, architecture, information technology and many different occupations that are based on production of a product or service. The project manager must possess a combination of skills including an ability to ask penetrating questions, detect unstated assumptions and resolve interpersonal conflicts as well as more systematic management skills. The role of the project manager encompasses many activities including :-Planning and Defining Scope, Activity Planning and Sequencing, Resource Planning, Developing Schedules, Time Estimating, Cost Estimating, Developing a Budget, Controlling Quality, Managing Risks and Issues, Creating Charts and Schedules, Risk Analysis, Benefits Realization, Scalability, Interoperability and Portability Analysis,Documentation,Team Leadership, Strategic Influencing, Customer Liaison. As a software project manager my typical tasks in managing a software project will be below. Manage the production of the required product. Direct and motivate the project team. Plan and monitor the project. Manage business and project risks. Responsible for change control. Report the true progress report and stage assessment to the steering committee. Prepare the end project report. Responsible for project administration. Responsibility Matrix In a large project, there may be many people who have some role in the creation and approval of project deliverables. Sometimes this is pretty straightforward, such as one person writing a document and one person approving it. In other cases, there may be many people who have a hand in the creation, and others that need to have varying levels of approval. The Responsibility Matrix is a technique used to define the general responsibilities for each role on a project. The matrix can then be used to communicate the roles to the appropriate people associated with the team. This helps set expectations, and ensures people know what is expected from them. On the matrix, the different people, or roles, appear as columns, with the specific deliverables in question listed as rows. Then, use the intersecting points to describe each persons responsibility for each deliverable. Ex: (Table 2.1) A Approves the deliverable R Reviews the deliverable (and provides feedback). C Creates the deliverable (could be C (1) for primary, C (2) for backup). Usually there is only one person who is responsible for creating a deliverable, although many people may provide input. I Provides input N Is notified when a deliverable is complete M Manages the deliverables (such as a librarian, or person responsible for the document repository) In the table above, the Requirements Management Plan is created by the project manager, approved by the sponsor and client managers, and reviewed by the project team and analysts. The purpose of the matrix is to gain clarity and agreement on who does what, so you can define the columns with as much detail as makes sense. For instance, in the above example, the Project Team could have been broken into specific people or the person responsible for creating the Data Model could have been broken out into a separate column. After the matrix is completed, it should be circulated for approval. If it is done in the Project Charter process, it can be an addendum to the Project Charter. If it is created as a part of the initial Analysis Phase, it should be circulated as a separate document. Examples of responsibility codes are as follows. Our project may define different codes, as long as you explain what they mean so that people know what the expectations are for them. References http://www.lifecyclestep.com/open/407.0LifecycleRoles.htm (b) Briefly explain how you are going to manage the risk in the above project. Risk management is the process of analyzing exposure to risk and determining how to best handle such exposure. The project is planned to be a continuous process throughout the project until completion and considered in two main parts, the risk analysis part and the risk management part. I have planned to run risk management as below, At the start of the project, as a part of the decision of whether to undertake the project And at every end stage assessments Risk management includes the following activities Planning how risk management will be held in the particular project. Plan should include risk management tasks, responsibilities, activities and budget. Assigning risk officer a team member other than a project manager who is responsible for foreseeing potential project problems. Typical characteristic of risk officer is a healthy skepticism. Maintaining live project risk database. Each risk should have the following attributes: opening date, title, short description, probability and importance. Optionally risk can have assigned person responsible for its resolution and date till then risk still can be resolved. Creating anonymous risk reporting channel. Each team member should have possibility to report risk that he foresees in the project. Preparing mitigation plans for risks that are chosen to be mitigated. The purpose of the mitigation plan is to describe how this particular risk will be handled what, when, by who and how will be done to avoid it or minimize consequences if it becomes a liability. Summarizing planned and faced risks, effectiveness of mitigation activities and effort spend for the risk management. As an analyzing tool to assist in the risk management process, Decision tree is used to analyze the risks, Because the explanation for the result is easily described by simple graph in a simply understandable way which can be combined with other decision techniques as well. Important details can be generated based on its alternatives, probabilities, costs and their preferences for outcomes. First after analyzing the possible risks by identifying, Estimating the effectiveness by comparing the likelihood with the impact of a risk and finally evaluating by confirming that they are in correct sequence and the cross checking with the risk reduction options assessing the acceptable level of each other. We select the most suitable risk management approach for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its goals will be prepared by discussing with members. The risk management consist four main activities and below tasks will be completed at the end of each part. Planning-: Most appropriate selection will be selected for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its desirability and objectives will be developed. Sometimes this activity may proceed in parallel with risk evaluation.  §Resourcing-: This will identify and assign the necessary resources to do the work and will confirm that the revised plan is feasible and cost effective.  §Controlling-: This will make sure that the execution of the plan is having the desired effect on the risk. This will ensure the management of the risk process will apply effectively and it will modify the plan where it necessary.  §Monitoring-: This will check the stages of the risk and also check that the counted measures are happening effectively. During monitoring, if it feels that the risk management plan is ineffective, then we can go back to the risk analysis part. When managing the risks these below features will be considered mainly, Factors that need to continue correctly, threats, systemic risks for the successful delivery project and benefits, risks to the business, risks for the customers and suppliers, risks of unexpected outputs and success of the international hotel chain. This is how I have planned to manage the risk, which can happen during a process and which will effect with a negative result to the process in the project. Task 3 Configuration Management is an essential part of a project. In a large project Configuration librarian plays a major role. Configuration management (CM) is the detailed recording and updating of information that describes an enterprises hardware and software. Such information typically includes the versions and updates that have been applied to installed software packages and the locations and network addresses of hardware devices. Special configuration management software is available. When a system needs hardware or software upgrade, a computer technician can accesses the configuration management program and database to see what is currently installed. The technician can then make a more informed decision about the upgrade needed. An advantage of a configuration management application is that the entire collection of systems can be reviewed to make sure any changes made to one system do not adversely affect any of the other systems Configuration management is also used in software development, where it is called Unified Configuration Management (UCM). Using UCM, developers can keep track of the source code, documentation, problems, changes requested, and changes made. (a) Briefly out line some configuration items in the project given in the scenario. Manage the configuration: Hotel Management systemPlan what is required and how it will be achieved Guests: Room Reservations for guests Services: Adding other services use, restaurant use, bar use by guests Maintenance: To maintain records in the system Inquires: To know about availability of rooms, reservations, gust lists Four computers have to be supplied for the selected project and these computers needs to be networked. Required time schedule for the project is three months. (Use a Configuration Management Plan (Project Quality Plan) Identify components of the final product Use Defining and Analyzing Products (PL2) to create a Configuration Item Record Use unique identifiers for each product and each version: Project Product Type Product Name Product Version. Control changes to baseline products by using change authority Submit products to the Configuration Librarian to put under configuration control Release (issue) products and/or copiesS Product Status Account to record and report product information Report the status of products from the Configuration Librarian Verify product integrity Perform product configuration audits by the Configuration Librarian Perform project audits by Project Assurance. In the above hotel management system developing project at each stage end as an output as below final deliverables will be reported. 1st stage -Strategic study -information technology strategy will be produced. 2nd stage Business study -project initiation document. 3th stage Feasibility study- Feasibility report. 4th stage -Requirement analysis- the gathered exact requirements of the users to develop  Ã‚  Ã‚   the system will be produced as Requirement analysis report 5th stage -Requirement specifications-the requirements will be produced in a diagrammatic way and a wordy report. 6th stage Logical system specification -the mapped business and technical aspects of the system will be produced. 7th stage Logical design- interface design will be produced. 8th stage -Physical design -the database design and program design using miniature specifications like pseudo codes, flowcharts, structure diagrams, etc will be produced. 9th stage -Coding- the written program which is written with a programming language will be produced. 10th stage -Testing -testing report. 11th stage -Debugging-debugging report. 12th stage -Implementation- the released version of the system in the target environment. 13th stage -Maintenance-reports regarding the changes carried out throughout the system after the implementation. (b) Give a statement of the configuration librarians responsibilities. Configuration Librarian is the guardian of all the master copies of the projects products.   Ã‚   The role will be also to look after change control on behalf of the project manager. Purpose   : Custodian and guardian of all master copies of the projects products Receives, baselines and releases (issues) products Updates the product status and informs the Project Manager Maintains the Issue Log. The major tasks of the configuration librarian are summarized as follows:- To control the receipt, identification, storage and issues of all project products To provide information on the status of all products To number, record, store and distribute change control documents The specific responsibilities of the configuration librarian are as follows:- Assist the project manager to prepare the configuration management plan Create libraries at other storage areas to hold products Assist in the identification of products Create configuration item description records Hold the master copies of all project products Maintain the change control records Assist in conducting configuration audits Liaise with other configuration librarians where products required by the project are common to other systems (c) Briefly outline what are the things that we must consider in change control of Project Management. In this hotel management system development, will develop several documents that include all the importance issues regarding to   the development but sometime these document may need to be changed due to various reasons, when doing this changers it has to be done by stranded procedures its called ChangeControl . The change control document is the formal way into this projects any enquiry of a complaint or request, it can be raised by anyone associated with hotel project about anything such as:- A new function occurrence A frailer of a product In meeting some aspect of the user requirement Because of a possible misunderstand A problem with the planning A frailer of communication The change control mainly it has recharge control document such as:- Question document (when a question occurs about a change) It will be submitted to the configuration library and the configuration librar